From Freda Salvador: “Our shoes are made from the highest quality leather which will last season after season. Leather is a natural material and will give with wear.100% Spanish leather in black calf. This tannery is a Leather Working Group Approved Trader. Leather Working Group is a tool to evaluate the environmental performance of leather goods manufacturers.100% Spanish leather lined. This tannery is a Leather Working Group Approved Trader.Leather studded weltItalian gold-plated metal studs. Please note this hardware may patina over time.Leather sole with a rubber spay for enhanced durability0.25" rubber heel”